Nikola tesla



(No Model.)

N. TESLA. ELECTROMAGNETIC MOTOR.

No. 524,426. Patented Aug. 14, 1894.

lliiiliiiilll museum:

WITNESSES: M41101 A 1Z 321M 4:. war/1% a 2 g ATTURNEY Q UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

NIKOLA TESLA, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE TESLA ELECTRIC COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

ELECTROMAGNETIC MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 524,426, dated August 14, 1894. Application filed October 20, 1888. Serial No. 288,677. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.- Let A designate an ordinary type of alter- Be it known that I, NIKOLA TESLA, a subnating current generator in the circuit of ject of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary, from which is to be connected a motor or motors, Smiijan, Lika, border country of Austriaaccording to my present invention. I con- Hungary, and a resident of New York, in the struct such motor or motors in the following county and State of New York, have invented manner: On a shaft a I mount an armature O, certain new and useful Improvements in Elecwhich for convenience of illustration is pretromagnetic Motors, of which the following is sumed to be a soft iron plate or disk with two a specification, reference being had to the cut-away portions or a bar with rounded ends.

[0 drawings accompanying and forming a part Around this armature I place say four poles, of the same. D D E E, of soft iron, and, as is usual in all In previous patents of the United States alternating current machines, built up of innotably in those numbered 381,968 and sulated plates or sections to prevent the heat- 382,280, dated May 1, 1888, I have shown and ing that would otherwise occur. Each of these I 5 described a system of transmitting power by cores is surrounded by an energizing coil F 6 meansof electro-magnetic generators andmoand all of these coils are connected to the tors. lhe distinguishing feature of this sysmain circuit from the generator A in series tem was shown to be the progressive moveor in any other manner to receive simultanement or shifting of the magnetic poles or ously the current impulses delivered by the 20 points of maximum attraction of a motor, due generator. If the cores are all of the same to the action or effect of alternating currents shape or mass, or composition, and the coils passed through independent energizing cirare all wound in the same or alternately 0pcuits in the motor. To secure this result the posite directions, no rotation would be protwo currents must have different phases, the duced by the passage through the coils of a 25 best results being obtained when the two curcurrent, whether alternating or direct, since rents differ by a quarter phase, or in other the attractive forces of the poles upon the words when the periods of maximum potential soft iron armature would be developed simulof one current coincide with the minimum petaneously and would counterbalance or neuriods of the other, and conversely. I have tralize each other. But to secure rotatibn I 0 also discovered that a single alternating curmake, for example, the cores D D short with rent may be utilized to produce a progression their coils close to their inner ends and the or shifting of the magnetic poles of a motor cores E E long, with their coils removed from if the field magnets of the same be of differ the inner ends. By this means I secure a cut magnetic susceptibility in different parts difference in the magnetic phases which the 5 so that the magnetic phases of the same will poles exhibit, for while the short cores will differ. That is to say, if the field magnets are respond to the magnetizing effect of an alterof such character that their different portions nation or impulse of current in the coils in a will be differently magnetized-in respect to certain time, a greater interval of time will time-by the same current impulse, and so elapse before the same magnetic intensity +0 disposed that the difierence of magnetic will be developed at the ends of the longer phase will maintain a rotary or progressive cores, and in practice I have found that this shifting of the points of vmaximum magnetic difference in phase may be utilized to proeffect. This may be accomplished in various duce the rotation of the armature. The efways, as may best be explained by reference fect being virtually to produce a shifting of 5 to the accompanying drawings, in which--- the points of maximum magnetic effect sixni Figure 1, is'a diagrammatic view of a molar to that which takes place when two altertor constructed in accordance with my invennating energizing currents, difiering in phase tion and a generator connected therewith. are used, as explained in the patents above Fig. 2, is an end view of a modified form of referred to. The essential difference being 50 armature for said motor. that in my patented system the rotation is efzoo f ected by a time diiference of electrical phase, while in the present case it is due to a difference in magnetic phases.

The same or similar results are obtainable by other means. For example, to secure the requisite difference of magnetic phase, I may make two of the cores as E E of greater mass than cores D D, whereby their period of saturation will be greater than of cores D D, or I may make the cores E E of hard iron or steel and the cores D D of soft iron, in which case the cores E E offering greater resistance to magnetic changes, will not exhibit their magnetism as soon after the passage of a current as the cores D D. Or if the cores of one set of poles, as D, D, be removed, the attractive force of the coils or solenoids would be exerted instantly while the magnetic cores E E would lag or have a diiferent phase.

The special form of the motor is largely a matter of choice, nor is the invention limited to the number of poles nor to the special form of armature shown. For example, I may employ such an armature as that shown in Fig. 2, which is a cylinder or disk 0 wound with coils G closed upon themselves. This adds materially to the efficiency of the motor for the reason that currents are induced in the closed coils and magnetize the iron cylinder in a manner similar to that described in my Patent No. 383,279 of May 1, 1888.

lVithout limiting myself, therefore, in the particulars hereinbefore specified, what I claim as my invention is- 1. In an alternating current motor the combination with energizing coils adapted to be connected with an external circuit of cores of different magnetic susceptibility so as to exhibit differences of magnetic phase under the influence of an energizing current, as herein set forth.

2. The combination in an alternating current motor with a rotary armature of mag netic poles, and coils adapted to be connected with the external circuit surrounding the same, the said cores being constructed of different size or material whereby their magnetic phase will differ in time as set forth.

3. The combination in an electro magnetic motor with a rotary armature of magnetic cores of dilferent length or mass and energizing coils surrounding the same and adapted to be connected with a single source of alternating currents, as set forth.

4. The combination in an electro magnetic motor with a rotary armature of short mag netic cores as D D and long magnetic cores as E E, and energizing coils surrounding the same, those on the cores E E being placed at a distance from the inner ends of the said cores, as herein set forth.

5. The combination in an electro-magnetic motor with energizing coils adapted to be connected with a source of alternating currents, and cores of different magnetic susceptibility, of an armature wound with coils closed upon themselves, as herein set forth.

6. The combination in an electro magnetic motor with a rotary armature of field cores of different magnetic susceptibility and energizing coils thereon connected in series and adapted to be connected with a source of alternating currents, as set forth.

NIKOLA TESLA.

\Vitnesses:

GEO. N. MONRO, A. PATTERSON. 

